Shoulder labral tear

A shoulder labral tear occurs when the labrum, a ring of cartilage that surrounds the shoulder socket, becomes damaged. The labrum helps stabilize the shoulder joint by deepening the socket, allowing for a wide range of movement. A tear in the labrum can lead to pain, instability, and reduced function in the shoulder, particularly during activities that involve lifting or rotating the arm. There are several types of labral tears, including SLAP (superior labrum from anterior to posterior) tears and Bankart tears, each affecting different areas of the labrum.

Shoulder labral tears are often the result of acute trauma or repetitive strain. They can occur during activities that involve sudden overhead movements, such as throwing, lifting, or forceful impacts, like falling onto an outstretched arm. Athletes, especially those involved in sports like baseball, swimming, or tennis, are at higher risk due to the repetitive stress placed on the shoulder joint. Labral tears can also develop gradually from wear and tear over time, particularly in older adults or individuals with shoulder instability or previous dislocations.

Common symptoms of a shoulder labral tear include pain, particularly during overhead activities, a sensation of instability or the shoulder “catching” or “locking,” and a loss of strength or range of motion. Some patients may experience a clicking or popping sound when moving the shoulder. Pain is often felt deep within the shoulder joint, and activities like lifting objects or reaching behind the back can exacerbate the discomfort. In severe cases, the shoulder may feel as though it could dislocate or give way.

Recovery from shoulder labral tear surgery typically takes several months, depending on the severity of the tear and the type of surgery performed. The initial recovery phase usually lasts 4 to 6 weeks, during which time the arm is immobilized in a sling. Physical therapy follows to gradually restore range of motion and strength, with full recovery often taking 4 to 6 months. Prehab with The Movement Doctors before surgery can significantly improve your post-surgical outcomes, helping you regain strength, flexibility, and stability faster. Engaging in pre-surgery exercises can also reduce inflammation and prepare the shoulder for a smoother recovery process.

The reinjury rate for shoulder labral tears is often high because many athletes and active adults return to activity too soon, before their shoulder has fully healed. While pain may subside during early recovery, the underlying issues—like strength, stability, and mobility—may not be fully resolved. Without a personalized treatment plan that addresses long-term recovery, the shoulder remains vulnerable to reinjury.